Insight and Inclusion

About Disability

An introduction

What is a disability?

A disability can be defined briefly as a condition of the body or mind that impacts the person when doing certain activities and interacting with the world around them.

Most Common Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A neurodevelopmental disability refers to a condition that affects the development and functioning of the nervous system, leading to challenges in learning, behavior, cognition, communication, motor skills, or social interaction.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and often restricted interests, presenting across a wide spectrum of severity and individual differences.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, impacting focus and self-control.

Communication Disorders

Communication disorders encompass a range of conditions hindering effective speech, language, writing, reading, or non-verbal communication, impacting an individual's ability to convey or understand information. These disorders can include speech sound disorders, language disorders, stuttering, voice disorders, and more.

Specific Learning Disorders

Specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions causing difficulties in acquiring, processing, or demonstrating skills in specific academic areas (e.g., reading, writing, mathematics) despite normal intelligence and educational opportunities, as seen in conditions like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia.

Motor Disorders

Motor disorders encompass conditions affecting movement control and coordination, such as developmental coordination disorder (DCD) or conditions like cerebral palsy, impacting muscle tone, posture, and physical abilities due to neurological issues or brain abnormalities.

Most Common Physical Disabilities

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Acquired Brain Injury

Damage to the brain caused by external factors (like trauma, stroke, or infection) after birth, resulting in cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioral impairments.

Amputations

Surgical removal or loss of a limb (arm, leg, hand, or foot) due to injury, disease, or medical necessity, impacting physical abilities and often requiring assistive devices.

Neurological Diasbilities

Conditions affecting the nervous system, encompassing a wide range of disorders such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson's disease, leading to various cognitive, motor, or sensory impairments.

Paraplegia/ Quadriplegia/ Hemiplegia

Types of paralysis resulting from spinal cord injuries or neurological conditions. Paraplegia affects the lower half of the body, quadriplegia affects all four limbs, and hemiplegia impacts one side of the body.

Visual/ Hearing Impairment

Visual impairments refer to conditions causing partial or complete loss of vision, while hearing impairments refer to partial or complete loss of hearing, both impacting sensory perception and communication abilities.

Disability Statistics